【转】那些超级成功的公司在初始阶段都做了些什么？
11 years ago
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
學美留學
學美留學
GRE新加坡報考信息
| 更新日期：2009/2/20 | |
|
Thursday, September 10, 2009
Face up to Phrasal-------Mark's Email Mistake
Check out - checked out - checked out
Meaning: If you check something out, you look at it or examine it to find out more about it.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is possible to put the object between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
We're going to check out the new club
We're going to check the new club out
We're going to check it out
We're going to check out it - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: There's a great movie on TV tonight – you must check it out!
Synonyms: inspect, investigate, explore, examine, look into
Log on – logged on – logged on
Meaning: If you log on, you connect your computer to a system or network, usually by typing a username and password.Grammar: This phrasal verb doesn't need an object. If you want to use an object, you need to use the preposition 'to'. The object must go after the preposition.
He logged on
He logged on to the network
He logged to the network on - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: I haven't finished my work because there was a fault in the network and I couldn't log on until 4 o'clock.
Synonyms: log in, get in, get into, connect, access
Hang on – hung on – hung on
Meaning: If you hang on, you wait for a short time.
Grammar: This phrasal verb doesn't usually take an object. If you want to say how long someone waited, or what they were waiting for, you can use the preposition 'for'.
I'm hanging on
We hung on for 20 minutes but the bus didn't come
We can't leave yet – we have to hang on for Peter
Example sentence: Mohammed can't talk right now – he's on the other phone. Would you like to hang on?
Synonyms: wait, stick around
Mess up – messed up – messed up
Meaning: If you mess up, you do something wrongly or badly, or you damage or spoil something.
Grammar: This phrasal verb may or may not have an object. If there is an object, it can go after the particle or between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
She messed up
She messed up the plans
She messed them up
She messed up them - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: Sarah messed up and took the wrong documents to the presentation.
Synonyms: make a mistake, screw up, get (something) wrong
Grammar: This phrasal verb may or may not have an object. If there is an object, it can go after the particle or between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
She messed up
She messed up the plans
She messed them up
She messed up them - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: Sarah messed up and took the wrong documents to the presentation.
Synonyms: make a mistake, screw up, get (something) wrong
Pick up – picked up – picked up
Meaning: If you pick something up, you collect it.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is possible to put the object between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
Joe picked up the message
Joe picked the message up
Joe picked it up
He picked up - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: Don't forget to pick those letters up before you leave the house.
Synonyms: collect, get
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is possible to put the object between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
Joe picked up the message
Joe picked the message up
Joe picked it up
He picked up - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: Don't forget to pick those letters up before you leave the house.
Synonyms: collect, get
Get rid of – got rid of – got rid of
Meaning: If you get rid of something, you dispose of or destroy something that you do not want, often because it is causing problems for you.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is not possible to put the object between the verb and particles: the object must go after the verb and particles.
She got rid of the insects
She got rid of them
She got the insects rid of - NOT CORRECT
She got rid the insects of - NOT CORRECT
She got them rid of - NOT CORRECT
She got rid them of - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: I took antibiotics to get rid of my infection.
Synonyms: get shot of, dispose of, chuck out, throw out, dump
Go over – went over – gone/been over
Meaning: If you go over something, you examine or check it very
carefully, often to make sure it does not have any faults or mistakes.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is not possible to put the object between the verb and particles: the object must go after the verb and particles.
He went over the arrangements
He went over them
He went the arrangements over - NOT CORRECT
He went them over - NOT CORRECT
He went over - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: The writers went over the script several times before they gave it to the publishers.
Synonyms: check, discuss, go into, examine, look over, study, review, read, peruse
Get away with – got away with – got away with
Meaning: If you get away with something, you do something wrong or bad without being discovered or punished.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is not possible to put the object between the verb and particles: the object must go after the verb and particles. The object is often 'it' or a verb-ing.
He got away with stealing the cakes
He got away with it
He got away stealing the cakes with - NOT CORRECT
He got stealing the cakes away with - NOT CORRECT
He got it away with - NOT CORRECT
He got away it with - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: The police believe Jimmy killed his wife. But if
they can't find any evidence, such as a murder weapon, he may get away with it.
Synonyms: escape punishment for, get off, get off scot-free
Pop up – popped up – popped up
Meaning: If something pops up, it appears suddenly or unexpectedly.
Grammar: This phrasal verb doesn't usually take an object.
A few problems have popped up
He popped up a birthday cake - NOT CORRECT
He popped up it - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: She's really famous now – her photograph pops up everywhere – on TV,magazines and the internet too.
Synonyms: appear, arise, happen, occur, crop up, turn up, come up
Turn up – turned up – turned up
Meaning: If something turns up, it arrives, happens or occurs.
Grammar: This phrasal verb doesn't usually take an object.
He turned up at 6 o'clock
He turned up it - NOT CORRECT
He turned it up - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: I looked all over the house for my keys: they finally turned up in my office!
Synonyms: appear, arise, happen, occur, crop up, pop up, come up
Send on – sent on – sent on
Meaning: If you send something on, you forward a message, object, or piece of information etc., that has been given to you, to another person.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is possible to put the object between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
I sent on the parcel
I sent the parcel on
I sent it on
I sent on it - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: My mum gave me a t-shirt, but it was too big for me, so I sent it on to my brother.
Synonyms: forward, redirect, readdress, pass on, transfer
Sort out – sorted out – sorted out
Meaning: If you sort something out, you deal successfully with a problem or difficult situation.
Grammar: This phrasal verb needs an object. It is possible to put the object between the verb and particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.
We sorted out the problem
We sorted the problem out
We sorted it out
We sorted out it - NOT CORRECT
Example sentence: The filing system was so disorganised that it took two days to sort it out.
Synonyms: solve, resolve, reconcile, reorganise, tidy up, put in order, deal with
Saturday, August 22, 2009
ISSUE写作文章结构
A.如何写好开头段
开头段必须有明确的论点引述。
首先，复述题目不是照抄，要完美改写，一般有主动被动改写，名词替换，词组代替动词等方式，实在没有变化的就变and前后两个词的顺序。
It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time.
替换成：
Being an effective political leader should modestly withhold some information from public.
其次， 响应题目时，观点一定要鲜明。开头一定要简洁，不要太罗嗦。
常见的几种开头写法：
1. 重述作者观点 +自己立场。
The speaker/author suggests/asserts/prefers/claims/advocates that....
肯定作者： In my point of view/In my opinion////I tend to agree that.../take for granted that..../ am in favor of .../ am inclined to support the idea that.... , which can be substantiated by the following discussions...
否定作者： In my point of view, however, I disagree with the speaker for some obvious reasons/ on the ground that.......
At the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing/convincing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.
2. 比较双方观点，+阐述自己的观点
3.背景开头+立场
4. 提问+立场
5. 直接陈述观点+立场
6.引用
B 正文body的写法---示范三段型
BODY： B1. Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
B2. Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
B3 Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
C.结尾段的写法
1.总结重申观点
2.提出尚待履行的措施，建议等。
模板：
Without A....; Without B.....; thus..... (双WITH 结构）。
In sum, from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that.....
To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to generate an integrate whole and thus become more convincing than any single one of them, we may be comfortable to say that..........
Consequently, due to analysis and reasons mentioned above, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any one of them, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that........
开头段必须有明确的论点引述。
首先，复述题目不是照抄，要完美改写，一般有主动被动改写，名词替换，词组代替动词等方式，实在没有变化的就变and前后两个词的顺序。
It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time.
替换成：
Being an effective political leader should modestly withhold some information from public.
其次， 响应题目时，观点一定要鲜明。开头一定要简洁，不要太罗嗦。
常见的几种开头写法：
1. 重述作者观点 +自己立场。
The speaker/author suggests/asserts/prefers/claims/advocates that....
肯定作者： In my point of view/In my opinion////I tend to agree that.../take for granted that..../ am in favor of .../ am inclined to support the idea that.... , which can be substantiated by the following discussions...
否定作者： In my point of view, however, I disagree with the speaker for some obvious reasons/ on the ground that.......
At the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing/convincing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.
2. 比较双方观点，+阐述自己的观点
3.背景开头+立场
4. 提问+立场
5. 直接陈述观点+立场
6.引用
B 正文body的写法---示范三段型
BODY： B1. Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
B2. Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
B3 Paral1- Topic sent.1
Paral2- Transfer sentence(并列，递进，转折）/ Demonstration
Paral 3-Example/Survey/Analogy
Paral4 -Conclusion
C.结尾段的写法
1.总结重申观点
2.提出尚待履行的措施，建议等。
模板：
Without A....; Without B.....; thus..... (双WITH 结构）。
In sum, from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that.....
To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to generate an integrate whole and thus become more convincing than any single one of them, we may be comfortable to say that..........
Consequently, due to analysis and reasons mentioned above, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any one of them, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that........
Friday, August 21, 2009
ISS-23 to27 摘
23. Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.
Keys: fragmented information overall perspectives
A. With advances in technology, we can obtain a great deal of factual information not available to us several years ago, removing trivialities of the research process. 比如电脑的使用
B. People's capability to master large issues is larged define by their ability to discriminate between essences and trifles.
C. There is no denying that easy access to information made possible by technology can broaden horizons. Advanced technology has brought about new life. Also undeniable is the laziness that comes with the comfort and convenience achieved by technology, but it is unfair to blame the development of technology for disengaging people from their daily trifles.
24. People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power.
key: restraint in the use of that power.
A.There are abundant historical examples showing that an unrestrained person is in danger of abusing power, rather than making proper use of it. Some emperors and medieval kings are prime examples.
B.Power is endowed to leaders in order to serve the public through noble administration. Using power without restraint, that is , power abuse, might subjugate others in the short term by may arouse rebellion.
C.Every society or group has instilled a system to prevent the improper behavior of those in power. The scope of such a system varies greatly, being more rigid in democratic nations than in other countries, and appearing more rigorous with modern companies than traditional factories.
25. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible.
keys: make things as simple as possible.
A. In the ever-growing and increasing complex digital world, it will take more efforts and courage to ease and simplify the service in the internet, such as the searching of information than to add to the complexity of the internet.
B. Human's natural tendency to create things bigger and more complex is manifested in the " big government"-unwieldy bureaucracies.
C.Adding further credibility to the statement is the increasing complexity of law system.
26.Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground tha modern planners feel could be better for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
keys: valuable record preservation of historic buildings contemporary needs
A. It is undoubtedly necessary for us to devote ourselves to the pursuit of old buildings preservation. Architecture is a history textbook record in stone. The values of old building are manifold: they are one of the most cogent living testimonies of history, they convey the essence of our native culture and they serve as landmarks for a city or a nation. Even putting their aesthetic , historic and architectural values aside, the mere sound of the Great Wall or the Athenian Temple conjures up emotions and fantasies.
B. Architecture, as a characteristics of culture, is one of the most valuable legacies left by our ancestors. In this sense, it is negligent to argue that modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings. When the two conflict, should we satisfy the need of urgent construction at the great expense of our own identity?
C. In view of current technology, we can find others ways to deal with the conflicting interests in historic buildings and modern developments. For instance, we can employ subway systems to ameliorate the metropolitan traffic, rather than toppling older buildings for pavement. We can also maintain or incorporate traditional architectural style and function into future development, as it being done in Rome. If left with no other alternative, we can even relocate entire structures to more convenient, protected lands.
27. No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking.
keys: conventional
A.Conventional practices and ways of thinking are experiences and thinking models or frames formed by our predecessors, most of which have been proven by facts and results to be effective and efficient in practice. In any circumstances similar to our predecessors', if one conducts as the conventions he or she will succeed easily. As these conventions already exist, the conductor need not put forth much effort to succeed.
B.Conforming to conventional practices and ways of thinking discourages creativity and dramatic social change. ( 例证: 伽利略) Galileo, dissatisfied with Aristotle's deeply ingrained understanding of nature, despised the prejudices and book learning of Aristotle, putting his question to nature instead of to ancients, fearlessly drawing his conclusion. Although he was unmercifully persecuted by religion courts, he generalized the results from his many experiments into the distinguished law of gravity. This initiated the battle between modern science and medieval religions, securing his esteemed reputation in scientific history. " Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks......."
C.If one wants to achieve great success, it is essential to question and challenge conventional practices and ways of thinking, to never idolize conventions. We should respect the importance of conventions, many of which maintain order and stability of society. We should only break from conventional practices and thought that impede further development of society. In doing so, one could achieve great success for himself and his society.
Keys: fragmented information overall perspectives
A. With advances in technology, we can obtain a great deal of factual information not available to us several years ago, removing trivialities of the research process. 比如电脑的使用
B. People's capability to master large issues is larged define by their ability to discriminate between essences and trifles.
C. There is no denying that easy access to information made possible by technology can broaden horizons. Advanced technology has brought about new life. Also undeniable is the laziness that comes with the comfort and convenience achieved by technology, but it is unfair to blame the development of technology for disengaging people from their daily trifles.
24. People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power.
key: restraint in the use of that power.
A.There are abundant historical examples showing that an unrestrained person is in danger of abusing power, rather than making proper use of it. Some emperors and medieval kings are prime examples.
B.Power is endowed to leaders in order to serve the public through noble administration. Using power without restraint, that is , power abuse, might subjugate others in the short term by may arouse rebellion.
C.Every society or group has instilled a system to prevent the improper behavior of those in power. The scope of such a system varies greatly, being more rigid in democratic nations than in other countries, and appearing more rigorous with modern companies than traditional factories.
25. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible.
keys: make things as simple as possible.
A. In the ever-growing and increasing complex digital world, it will take more efforts and courage to ease and simplify the service in the internet, such as the searching of information than to add to the complexity of the internet.
B. Human's natural tendency to create things bigger and more complex is manifested in the " big government"-unwieldy bureaucracies.
C.Adding further credibility to the statement is the increasing complexity of law system.
26.Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground tha modern planners feel could be better for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
keys: valuable record preservation of historic buildings contemporary needs
A. It is undoubtedly necessary for us to devote ourselves to the pursuit of old buildings preservation. Architecture is a history textbook record in stone. The values of old building are manifold: they are one of the most cogent living testimonies of history, they convey the essence of our native culture and they serve as landmarks for a city or a nation. Even putting their aesthetic , historic and architectural values aside, the mere sound of the Great Wall or the Athenian Temple conjures up emotions and fantasies.
B. Architecture, as a characteristics of culture, is one of the most valuable legacies left by our ancestors. In this sense, it is negligent to argue that modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings. When the two conflict, should we satisfy the need of urgent construction at the great expense of our own identity?
C. In view of current technology, we can find others ways to deal with the conflicting interests in historic buildings and modern developments. For instance, we can employ subway systems to ameliorate the metropolitan traffic, rather than toppling older buildings for pavement. We can also maintain or incorporate traditional architectural style and function into future development, as it being done in Rome. If left with no other alternative, we can even relocate entire structures to more convenient, protected lands.
27. No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking.
keys: conventional
A.Conventional practices and ways of thinking are experiences and thinking models or frames formed by our predecessors, most of which have been proven by facts and results to be effective and efficient in practice. In any circumstances similar to our predecessors', if one conducts as the conventions he or she will succeed easily. As these conventions already exist, the conductor need not put forth much effort to succeed.
B.Conforming to conventional practices and ways of thinking discourages creativity and dramatic social change. ( 例证: 伽利略) Galileo, dissatisfied with Aristotle's deeply ingrained understanding of nature, despised the prejudices and book learning of Aristotle, putting his question to nature instead of to ancients, fearlessly drawing his conclusion. Although he was unmercifully persecuted by religion courts, he generalized the results from his many experiments into the distinguished law of gravity. This initiated the battle between modern science and medieval religions, securing his esteemed reputation in scientific history. " Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks......."
C.If one wants to achieve great success, it is essential to question and challenge conventional practices and ways of thinking, to never idolize conventions. We should respect the importance of conventions, many of which maintain order and stability of society. We should only break from conventional practices and thought that impede further development of society. In doing so, one could achieve great success for himself and his society.
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
写作句型 1
Sb. always go into raptures at the mere/ly mention of sth.
Sb. are forever talking about sth.
nothing is more add. than. sth. in+介词短语
There is nothing that can't be compared with sth.
Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes, and they seem to be attracted by colorful material, various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing, they maintain, that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.
There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
No one can deny the fact that person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world.
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
There is no denying that the qualities of our life have gone from bad to worse.
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
So precious time is that we can't afford to waste it.
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
There is no one but longs to go to college.
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes the rise in prices.
No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someone more favored.
Any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.
This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.
Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford.
In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
On the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding school are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will play essential roles in modern society.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students, their family, even the society as a whole.
Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages should not be ignore and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although the parents' desire to look after children by themselves in understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh its advantages.
From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people's life and economic growth.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw conclusions that both boarding schools and day schools are important to train students for our society.
From what has been discussed above, I firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods will die out with the development of modern science and technology. The maintenance of the traditional technology and methods is futile.
From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on youngster's behaviors.
This issue has caused wide public concern.
Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of the world.
There is growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in cities. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
The issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people, especially for parents and experts in education.
A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.
At the same time, there are still many people who live under the traditional idea that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.
Although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in people's lives, increasing evidences show that it is less useful than many people thinks.
To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this the real case?
Every parent should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
As a popular saying goes, " Everything has two sides." Now the public are more and more benefit from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
Many sociologists points out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasant's lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reasons is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living conditions. In the first place, we have been carry out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. Furthermore, the birth rate has been put udner control.
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to creat nature reserves. Secondly, certain are wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
In many countries, when jobs become available for young people in distant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, when ready-made foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more "American"-although the resemblance could be entirely superficial.
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
The harder you work, the more progress you make.
Sb. are forever talking about sth.
nothing is more add. than. sth. in+介词短语
There is nothing that can't be compared with sth.
Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes, and they seem to be attracted by colorful material, various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing, they maintain, that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.
There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
No one can deny the fact that person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world.
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
There is no denying that the qualities of our life have gone from bad to worse.
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
So precious time is that we can't afford to waste it.
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
There is no one but longs to go to college.
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes the rise in prices.
No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someone more favored.
Any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.
This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.
Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford.
In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
On the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding school are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will play essential roles in modern society.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students, their family, even the society as a whole.
Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages should not be ignore and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although the parents' desire to look after children by themselves in understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh its advantages.
From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people's life and economic growth.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw conclusions that both boarding schools and day schools are important to train students for our society.
From what has been discussed above, I firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods will die out with the development of modern science and technology. The maintenance of the traditional technology and methods is futile.
From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on youngster's behaviors.
This issue has caused wide public concern.
Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of the world.
There is growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in cities. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
The issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people, especially for parents and experts in education.
A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.
At the same time, there are still many people who live under the traditional idea that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.
Although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in people's lives, increasing evidences show that it is less useful than many people thinks.
To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this the real case?
Every parent should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
As a popular saying goes, " Everything has two sides." Now the public are more and more benefit from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
Many sociologists points out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasant's lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reasons is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living conditions. In the first place, we have been carry out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. Furthermore, the birth rate has been put udner control.
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to creat nature reserves. Secondly, certain are wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
In many countries, when jobs become available for young people in distant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, when ready-made foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more "American"-although the resemblance could be entirely superficial.
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
The harder you work, the more progress you make.
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
语法-倒装
| 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.
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ISS-21 &22 摘
21. " Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are readily in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."
Keys: Reform reputation and social standing disdain
22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups ( family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
Keys: fragmented information overall perspectives
A. Individuals and small groups around us with whom we have direct contact not only affect our character and attitude, but also broaden and develop our mind. Our parents, who bore and nurtured us, taught us our first lessons in understanding man and society; our teachers, who indoctrinated us with their profound knowledge, taught us scientific truth as well probity; our close friends encouraged us to persevere when we encountered defeat. From ignorant infants to independent adults, we are defined by the direct connections to our friends, our family and our authorities.
B. Society undeniably plays a leading role in defining us and our attitudes. Upon closer inspection, we will find that the influence of society and the influence of individuals and groups are neither isolated nor detached from one another.
The influence of family and friends is merely an indirect influence of society. It seems that our parents guide us directly, but our parents are actually the outcome of the nurturing of their own parents. Continuing on this line, we may reach the conclusion that one is actually influenced by numerous interconnected families, friends, teachers and celebrities across space and time. We are ultimately moulded by society.
C.The property of diversified communication methods makes it much easier for people to access information of the world. Internet breaks the geography limitations and brings everyone easily and quickly to new ideas and happenings, which further amplified the influence of the society or even the world as a whole on individuals.
D. We cannot deny that the society as a whole deeply affects us, neither can we ignore the influence exerted by individuals and small groups. Every human is an active node in the network of society, no part of which is truly isolated from the rest. Each node continuously influences the others' attitudes and behaviors, and likewise receives their influence, even when the two ends are entirely unknown to one other. Both individuals and small groups, as a part of one integrated society, define us and our attitudes.
Keys: Reform reputation and social standing disdain
22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups ( family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
Keys: fragmented information overall perspectives
A. Individuals and small groups around us with whom we have direct contact not only affect our character and attitude, but also broaden and develop our mind. Our parents, who bore and nurtured us, taught us our first lessons in understanding man and society; our teachers, who indoctrinated us with their profound knowledge, taught us scientific truth as well probity; our close friends encouraged us to persevere when we encountered defeat. From ignorant infants to independent adults, we are defined by the direct connections to our friends, our family and our authorities.
B. Society undeniably plays a leading role in defining us and our attitudes. Upon closer inspection, we will find that the influence of society and the influence of individuals and groups are neither isolated nor detached from one another.
The influence of family and friends is merely an indirect influence of society. It seems that our parents guide us directly, but our parents are actually the outcome of the nurturing of their own parents. Continuing on this line, we may reach the conclusion that one is actually influenced by numerous interconnected families, friends, teachers and celebrities across space and time. We are ultimately moulded by society.
C.The property of diversified communication methods makes it much easier for people to access information of the world. Internet breaks the geography limitations and brings everyone easily and quickly to new ideas and happenings, which further amplified the influence of the society or even the world as a whole on individuals.
D. We cannot deny that the society as a whole deeply affects us, neither can we ignore the influence exerted by individuals and small groups. Every human is an active node in the network of society, no part of which is truly isolated from the rest. Each node continuously influences the others' attitudes and behaviors, and likewise receives their influence, even when the two ends are entirely unknown to one other. Both individuals and small groups, as a part of one integrated society, define us and our attitudes.
Monday, August 17, 2009
ISS-20 摘
20."National governments should devote more of their social programs and service to children than to adults."
Keys: children adults
A.They are in fact equally important even if we instinctually care most for the well-being of our children. If we want our children to live in a good society, where they can grow well, shall we neglect the needs of adults, who actually govern and maintain said society? The unmitigated problems of adults can deeply affect a society. If such problems cannot be well solved, current and future stability of the society will be in danger.
B.Furthermore, as children are the future of the country, their well-being tightly correlates to national development 10 to 20 years down the road, when the majority of them will grow into roles at the very foundations of society. Present social services and programs for children have long term effects, with a continued influence even after their own adulthood.
C. Care for adults to preserve the present; care for children to ensure the future.
Keys: children adults
A.They are in fact equally important even if we instinctually care most for the well-being of our children. If we want our children to live in a good society, where they can grow well, shall we neglect the needs of adults, who actually govern and maintain said society? The unmitigated problems of adults can deeply affect a society. If such problems cannot be well solved, current and future stability of the society will be in danger.
B.Furthermore, as children are the future of the country, their well-being tightly correlates to national development 10 to 20 years down the road, when the majority of them will grow into roles at the very foundations of society. Present social services and programs for children have long term effects, with a continued influence even after their own adulthood.
C. Care for adults to preserve the present; care for children to ensure the future.
ISS-19 摘
19."If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."
before :条件状语从句
keys: overall success individual
A. Society is a constituency of individual citizens. There is no such entity that exists independently above the thousands of thousands of people that is called "society". A society must necessarily represent its citizens' interests. The standard for prosperity of a society can only be connected with the well being of its individual citizens.
B. If the well being of individual citizens is ignored, forcing a low living standard, they will cause great trouble to the society, even rebelling and revolting in attempts to destroy it. 例如： 由于失业率的上升而造成的犯罪问题等等。
C. However, the government may sacrifice individual citizens' interest for the greater good of society as a whole. With the construction of the subway, for example, the government will require the reconstruction or even deconstruction of existing homes and buildings in the path of the tunnel. In such an event, individual citizens are forced to move out of their homes or suffer inconveniences in transportation and pollution. But these sacrifices are often based on a more profitable future for many more residents in that city, and those who receive the detrimental effects are usually compensated. In most cases, large scale public construction programs will not begin if proven not beneficial to most habitants of the city.
before :条件状语从句
keys: overall success individual
A. Society is a constituency of individual citizens. There is no such entity that exists independently above the thousands of thousands of people that is called "society". A society must necessarily represent its citizens' interests. The standard for prosperity of a society can only be connected with the well being of its individual citizens.
B. If the well being of individual citizens is ignored, forcing a low living standard, they will cause great trouble to the society, even rebelling and revolting in attempts to destroy it. 例如： 由于失业率的上升而造成的犯罪问题等等。
C. However, the government may sacrifice individual citizens' interest for the greater good of society as a whole. With the construction of the subway, for example, the government will require the reconstruction or even deconstruction of existing homes and buildings in the path of the tunnel. In such an event, individual citizens are forced to move out of their homes or suffer inconveniences in transportation and pollution. But these sacrifices are often based on a more profitable future for many more residents in that city, and those who receive the detrimental effects are usually compensated. In most cases, large scale public construction programs will not begin if proven not beneficial to most habitants of the city.
ISS-18 摘
18." Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."
Keys: doubt and contrasting views
A. Without doubt and contrasting ideas, laziness of thought dominates us and suffices us with only superficial knowledge of a topic. 举例，在伽利略提出反对亚里士多德的观点以前，人们对于亚里士多德的观点盲目相信了很长时间，就是因为没有异议和反对的观点。
B. When the idea held is challenged, however, we are motivated to defend it against doubts and disagreements. In order to convincing others of the value of the idea, we have to persuade ourselves first. Therefore we will look inside the idea, considering its stability and soundness in order to diminish the doubts cast on the idea. On the other hand, we must have a good understanding of the contrasting views by rational analysis and comparison rather than abruptly dismiss them as nonsense. Only then can we find the flaws in our own idea and the merits in others', thus modify it accordingly.
C. Defending our idea is not the only method to obtain discovery. Thorough research can enlighten as well.
1. HE that knows nothing, doubts nothing.
2.Truth may be blamed, but shall never be shamed.
3.As long as the world shall last there will be worngs, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.
Keys: doubt and contrasting views
A. Without doubt and contrasting ideas, laziness of thought dominates us and suffices us with only superficial knowledge of a topic. 举例，在伽利略提出反对亚里士多德的观点以前，人们对于亚里士多德的观点盲目相信了很长时间，就是因为没有异议和反对的观点。
B. When the idea held is challenged, however, we are motivated to defend it against doubts and disagreements. In order to convincing others of the value of the idea, we have to persuade ourselves first. Therefore we will look inside the idea, considering its stability and soundness in order to diminish the doubts cast on the idea. On the other hand, we must have a good understanding of the contrasting views by rational analysis and comparison rather than abruptly dismiss them as nonsense. Only then can we find the flaws in our own idea and the merits in others', thus modify it accordingly.
C. Defending our idea is not the only method to obtain discovery. Thorough research can enlighten as well.
1. HE that knows nothing, doubts nothing.
2.Truth may be blamed, but shall never be shamed.
3.As long as the world shall last there will be worngs, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.
ISS-17 摘
17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and , even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
Keys: obey just laws disobey and resist unjust laws
A.Without fast and hard rules of law, a society cannot be expected to be able to comply with those laws. Certain standards for enforcement and judgment must of course be followed up with a certain amount of discretion allowed to make sure that, although justice is blind, it is not stupid.
B.The very function of law is to bring stability and order to the group of people that the laws are enforced upon. For a legal system to work for a society, the laws must be knowable, fair and implemented equally among the population.
C.However, in reality, the law is adaptable and flexible in certain situations, places and times. Although the written rules of law must be fixed and seldom changed, the people that enforce the laws, as well as those who judge those who break the laws, have a certain amount of built-in discretion to see that justice is done.
Keys: obey just laws disobey and resist unjust laws
A.Without fast and hard rules of law, a society cannot be expected to be able to comply with those laws. Certain standards for enforcement and judgment must of course be followed up with a certain amount of discretion allowed to make sure that, although justice is blind, it is not stupid.
B.The very function of law is to bring stability and order to the group of people that the laws are enforced upon. For a legal system to work for a society, the laws must be knowable, fair and implemented equally among the population.
C.However, in reality, the law is adaptable and flexible in certain situations, places and times. Although the written rules of law must be fixed and seldom changed, the people that enforce the laws, as well as those who judge those who break the laws, have a certain amount of built-in discretion to see that justice is done.
ISS-1 摘6
16." although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
keys: conveniences prevent strong and independent
A. Modern facilities provide humans with more independence. The automobile, for example, serves to enhance independence in transportation and residence. Cars make it possible for people to travel to isolated areas without suffering the stuffiness of public transportation, and to purse employment far from their communities.
B. We work more effectively and efficiently with the aid of such conveniences as the automobile and the computer. We are more productive than ever.
C.Inventions like the automobile and computer have freed time to engage in other meaningful activities or to spend time with family.
keys: conveniences prevent strong and independent
A. Modern facilities provide humans with more independence. The automobile, for example, serves to enhance independence in transportation and residence. Cars make it possible for people to travel to isolated areas without suffering the stuffiness of public transportation, and to purse employment far from their communities.
B. We work more effectively and efficiently with the aid of such conveniences as the automobile and the computer. We are more productive than ever.
C.Inventions like the automobile and computer have freed time to engage in other meaningful activities or to spend time with family.
ISS-15 摘
15. The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior.
Keys: stability respond extremes
A. It is the responsibility of the government, in order to maintain peace, to punish desperadoes who commit extremely harmful behaviors. Otherwise, an increased presence of extreme human behaviors will undoubtedly unsettle or even frighten the population. If the government cannot control the situation quickly, widespread extreme behaviors will result in great social panic. Imprisonment and heavy punishment have proved to be effective measures of reducing and avoiding such incidents.
B.Merely punishing criminals can temporarily reduce the occurrences of extreme behaviors. It cannot, however, eradicate them. Society should pay more attention to the social causes extreme behaviors, analyzing motives and problems like poverty, inequity and discrimination. The more impoverished and inequitable a society is, the more likely a motive for drastic action to escape such conditions. As long as these social problems persist, it is virtually impossible to entirely eliminate the extremes. Therefore, it is essential that the society eradicate these social problems that lie at the roots of the extreme behavior.
C.Remedies should be available to reassure the public of government capability and to instill faith in a better future. This includes relevant laws to prevent such extreme behavior from recurring, or at least to deter the perpetrators from doing so.
Keys: stability respond extremes
A. It is the responsibility of the government, in order to maintain peace, to punish desperadoes who commit extremely harmful behaviors. Otherwise, an increased presence of extreme human behaviors will undoubtedly unsettle or even frighten the population. If the government cannot control the situation quickly, widespread extreme behaviors will result in great social panic. Imprisonment and heavy punishment have proved to be effective measures of reducing and avoiding such incidents.
B.Merely punishing criminals can temporarily reduce the occurrences of extreme behaviors. It cannot, however, eradicate them. Society should pay more attention to the social causes extreme behaviors, analyzing motives and problems like poverty, inequity and discrimination. The more impoverished and inequitable a society is, the more likely a motive for drastic action to escape such conditions. As long as these social problems persist, it is virtually impossible to entirely eliminate the extremes. Therefore, it is essential that the society eradicate these social problems that lie at the roots of the extreme behavior.
C.Remedies should be available to reassure the public of government capability and to instill faith in a better future. This includes relevant laws to prevent such extreme behavior from recurring, or at least to deter the perpetrators from doing so.
ISS-14 摘
14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."
Keys: imaginative literature
A. Poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature are the outcome of human intellectual creation, the reading of which will surely enrich our spiritual world.
B.Literature can help us sharpen our ability to analyze and cope with complex social issues, stimulate our imagination and broaden our appreciation of art.
C. Literature expresses the history and culture of different religions, nationalities and cultural backgrounds, thus improving mutual understanding, respect and tolerance.
D. However, it may be excessive for those concerned with practical work, who struggle for food and shelter, precluding entertainment.It is presumptuous to advise that every person should read, and subsequently benefit, from imaginative literature.
Keys: imaginative literature
A. Poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature are the outcome of human intellectual creation, the reading of which will surely enrich our spiritual world.
B.Literature can help us sharpen our ability to analyze and cope with complex social issues, stimulate our imagination and broaden our appreciation of art.
C. Literature expresses the history and culture of different religions, nationalities and cultural backgrounds, thus improving mutual understanding, respect and tolerance.
D. However, it may be excessive for those concerned with practical work, who struggle for food and shelter, precluding entertainment.It is presumptuous to advise that every person should read, and subsequently benefit, from imaginative literature.
ISS-13 范文 摘
13. Many of the world' lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."
Keys: lesser-known languages
范文：
It is always said that where there is a different language, there is unique culture. The origin and growth of each language is accompanied by the beginning, thriving, changing of a culture. As the precious legacy handed down by ancestors, a language is the key to the study and preservation of a culture. Nowadays, unfortunately many minor languages are in danger of extinction since they are used by fewer and fewer people. Such an alarm has caught the notices of scientists and appealing is presented to urge the governments to take some action in order to prevent such irrecollectable treasures from lost in our hands.
There are a lot of factors that bring about the trend. To some extent, it's the aftermath of colonization, in which the colonizers brought their own languages there and set it as the official language. Though many of these once colonized countries got back their own authority dozens of years ago, the impaction on culture and language has lasted till today and the original ones seem to be impossible to be retrieved any more. Even in some countries where there has never been any kind of colonization in its history, the golden days of multi-language have passed. The modernization and industrialization ask for a massive communication and interaction between people from around the country or even from foreign countries. Migration also plays an crucial role in the blending and mixing of different cultures. Therefore people have to turn to a more widely used language, putting aside their own dialect, to make themselves accepted better by the society. On the other hand, youngsters, who are the inheritor of traditional culture and language, are refusing to play the role as the link in the chain. Local languages, such as dialects, are dismissed by them as obsolete. They would like to use some more modern languages to give them sense of fashion, or authority, or even dignity. The traditional languages, on the contrary, are often laughed at as out-of-date and only spoken by grandpa->grandfather.
Since the trend of neglecting many lesser-known languages seems not easily to be stopped or even decelerated by the strength from the language and the culture themselves, it's time for the governments of countries, in which these languages are spoken, to lay a hand to prevent the heirlooms from disappearing. Where a language is on the brink of extinction, the primary task of the government there is to offer sufficient financial support and manpower to make record and study of the losing language as soon as possible. For example, special department aimed at the study and documentation of traditional culture and language should be set up, in which professionals can have enough funds and tools to work efficiently. Such method is rather than passive approach in that it cannot prevent a language from out of use. However, it can at least offer valuable material to our descendants as the necessary history archives for future study of the culture and language.
While the situation is not that bad, the government should employ some more active methods to give life to traditional culture and language. Fore example, the youngsters should be encouraged to learn and use local languages as well as the official languages; they should be taught how to appreciate the values and beauty of their local cultures. The government, which has power in leading the public trend of society, should also incultivate its people to take pride in the uniqueness and preciousness of local history, culture and language, which they used to contempt or even ashamed for.
Every language, every culture is one of the pearl in a beautiful necklace, without which not only the beauty but also the integrity is damaged. It's government's responsibility to prevent any language from extinction, and it's also the obligation for every one of us to engage in the presentation of our culture.
Keys: lesser-known languages
范文：
It is always said that where there is a different language, there is unique culture. The origin and growth of each language is accompanied by the beginning, thriving, changing of a culture. As the precious legacy handed down by ancestors, a language is the key to the study and preservation of a culture. Nowadays, unfortunately many minor languages are in danger of extinction since they are used by fewer and fewer people. Such an alarm has caught the notices of scientists and appealing is presented to urge the governments to take some action in order to prevent such irrecollectable treasures from lost in our hands.
There are a lot of factors that bring about the trend. To some extent, it's the aftermath of colonization, in which the colonizers brought their own languages there and set it as the official language. Though many of these once colonized countries got back their own authority dozens of years ago, the impaction on culture and language has lasted till today and the original ones seem to be impossible to be retrieved any more. Even in some countries where there has never been any kind of colonization in its history, the golden days of multi-language have passed. The modernization and industrialization ask for a massive communication and interaction between people from around the country or even from foreign countries. Migration also plays an crucial role in the blending and mixing of different cultures. Therefore people have to turn to a more widely used language, putting aside their own dialect, to make themselves accepted better by the society. On the other hand, youngsters, who are the inheritor of traditional culture and language, are refusing to play the role as the link in the chain. Local languages, such as dialects, are dismissed by them as obsolete. They would like to use some more modern languages to give them sense of fashion, or authority, or even dignity. The traditional languages, on the contrary, are often laughed at as out-of-date and only spoken by grandpa->grandfather.
Since the trend of neglecting many lesser-known languages seems not easily to be stopped or even decelerated by the strength from the language and the culture themselves, it's time for the governments of countries, in which these languages are spoken, to lay a hand to prevent the heirlooms from disappearing. Where a language is on the brink of extinction, the primary task of the government there is to offer sufficient financial support and manpower to make record and study of the losing language as soon as possible. For example, special department aimed at the study and documentation of traditional culture and language should be set up, in which professionals can have enough funds and tools to work efficiently. Such method is rather than passive approach in that it cannot prevent a language from out of use. However, it can at least offer valuable material to our descendants as the necessary history archives for future study of the culture and language.
While the situation is not that bad, the government should employ some more active methods to give life to traditional culture and language. Fore example, the youngsters should be encouraged to learn and use local languages as well as the official languages; they should be taught how to appreciate the values and beauty of their local cultures. The government, which has power in leading the public trend of society, should also incultivate its people to take pride in the uniqueness and preciousness of local history, culture and language, which they used to contempt or even ashamed for.
Every language, every culture is one of the pearl in a beautiful necklace, without which not only the beauty but also the integrity is damaged. It's government's responsibility to prevent any language from extinction, and it's also the obligation for every one of us to engage in the presentation of our culture.
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