ISS-9 摘

9.Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholar's ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wilder audience, their ideas will have little use.

Keys: specialized narrow audience

A. Most of our ancient maestros of academic, like Aristotle and Socrates, were all-round talents having marvelously good command of science, art, and philosophy.With the growth of all these academics into more and more complex and profound divergences, however, today it is never impossible for any prodigy to contain details of all kinds of knowledge in his mind. Academic disciplines have become specialized in recent years, which can only be understand by those devoted themselves to the subject while avoiding outsiders even from relevant subjects from assessing, let alone the public.

B. The world around us presents a seamless web of physical and anthropogenic forces, which interact in ways that can be understood only in the context of a variety of disciplines.类比论证：就好比生产线的生产过程，虽然每个工人的工作不同，但最终的目标都是生产出完整的产品。而整个过程中的每个步骤之间都是有关系的。

C. From these scholars' perspectives, they should not focus in excess on whether their ideas are accepted and understood by a wider audience for the reason that the mass sometimes have limited knowledge and intellect in comparison with scholars.